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Basic Linux Command-line Tips and Tricks for Beginners

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Here are some basic linux command tips and tricks to follow.





1.  Everything in Linux is a file including the hardware and even the directories.
2. # : Denotes the super(root) user
3. $ : Denotes the normal user
4.  /root: Denotes the super user’s directory
/home: Denotes the normal user’s directory.
5.  Switching between Terminals
$ (Symbol)  Ctrl + Alt + F1-F6: Console login
$ (Symbol) Ctrl + Alt + F7: GUI login
6.  Use of Tab: Instead of typing the whole filename if the unique pattern for a particular file is given then the remaining characters need not be typed and can be obtained automatically using the Tab button.
7.   ~ (Tilde): Denotes the current user’s home directory
8.   Ctrl + Z: To stop a command that is working interactively without terminating it.
9.  Ctrl + C: To stop a command that is not responding. (Cancellation).
10.  Ctrl + D: To send the EOF( End of File) signal to a command normally when you see ‘>’.
11.  Ctrl + W: To erase the text you have entered a word at a time.
12.  Up arrow key: To redisplay the last executed command. The Down arrow key can be used to print the next command used after using the Up arrow key previously.
13.  The history command can be cleared using a simple option –c (clear).
14.  cd(Change directory) :   The cd command can be used trickily in the following ways:
cd : To switch to the home user
cd * : To change directory to the first file in the directory (only if the first file is a directory)
cd .. : To move back a folder
cd - : To return to the last directory you were in
15.  Files starting with a dot (.) are a hidden file.
16.   To view hidden files: ls -a
17.   ls(long list): The ls command can be use trickily in the following ways:
ls -lR : To view a long list of all the files (which includes directories) and their subdirectories recursively .
ls *.* : To view a list of all the files with extensions only.
18.   ls -ll: Gives a long list in the following format
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-04-29 05:17 bin where
drwxr-xr-x : permission where d stands for directory, rwx stands for owner privilege, r-x stands for the group privilege and r-x stands for others permission respectively.
Here r stands for read, w for write and x for executable.
2=> link count
root=>owner
root=>group
4096=> directory size
2010-04-29=>date of creation
05:17=> time of creation
bin=>directory file(in blue)


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